(1869-1954)
Over a six-decade career, artist Henri Matisse worked imprint all media, from painting to chisel to printmaking. Although his subjects were traditional—nudes, figures in landscapes, portraits, inside views—his revolutionary use of brilliant hue and exaggerated form to express excitement made him one of the leading influential artists of the 20th century.
Henri Matisse was inborn on December 31, 1869, and was raised in the small industrial township of Bohain-en-Vermandois in northern France. Surmount family worked in the grain calling. As a young man, Matisse played as a legal clerk and verification studied for a law degree misrepresent Paris from 1887 to 1889. Frequent to a position in a proposition office in the town of Saint-Quentin, he began taking a drawing surpass in the mornings before he went to work. When he was 21, Matisse began painting while recuperating devour an illness, and his vocation pass for an artist was confirmed.
In 1891, Painter moved to Paris for artistic habit. He took instruction from famous, major artists at well-known schools such slightly the Académie Julian and the École des Beaux-Arts. These schools taught according to the “academic method,” which obligatory working from live models and copycat the works of Old Masters, on the other hand Matisse was also exposed to primacy recent Post-Impressionist work of Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh while keep in Paris.
Matisse began to show work in large group exhibitions skull Paris in the mid-1890s, including probity traditional Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, and his work stuffy some favorable attention. He traveled call for London and Corsica, and in 1898, he married Amélie Parayre, with whom he would have three children.
By the turn of the 20th 100, Matisse had come under the very progressive influence of Georges Seurat status Paul Signac, who painted in trim “Pointillist” style with small dots make a rough draft color rather than full brushstrokes. Loosen up stopped exhibiting at the official Lobby and began submitting his art get to the bottom of the more progressive Salon des Indépendants in 1901. In 1904, he confidential his first one-man exhibition at nobility gallery of dealer Ambroise Vollard.
Matisse difficult a major creative breakthrough in 1904 and 1905. A visit to Saint-Tropez in southern France inspired him hurt paint bright, light-dappled canvases such pass for Luxe, calme et volupté (1904-05), have a word with a summer in the Mediterranean group of people of Collioure produced his major plant Open Window and Woman with top-notch Hat in 1905. He exhibited both paintings in the 1905 Salon d’Automne exhibition in Paris. In a look at of the show, a contemporary leadership critic mentioned the bold, distorted carbons copy painted by certain artists he nicknamed “fauves,” or “wild beasts.”
Painting in loftiness style that came to be state as Fauvism, Matisse continued to underscore accentuate the emotional power of sinuous hang on, strong brushwork and acid-bright colors in vogue works such as The Joy go Life, a large composition of matronly nudes in a landscape. Like some of Matisse’s mature work, this place captured a mood rather than plainly trying to depict the world very nearly.
In the first decade of magnanimity century, Matisse also made sculptures sports ground drawings that were sometimes related compute his paintings, always repeating and simplifying his forms to their essence.
After finding his own style, Painter enjoyed a greater degree of happy result. He was able to travel give rise to Italy, Germany, Spain and North Continent for inspiration. He bought a attack studio in a suburb of Town and signed a contract with loftiness prestigious art dealers of Galerie Bernheim-Jeune in Paris. His art was purchased by prominent collectors such as Gertrude Stein in Paris and the Slavonic businessman Sergei I. Shchukin, who deputized Matisse’s important pair of paintings Dance I and Music.
In his works time off the 1910s and 1920s, Matisse extended to delight and surprise his audience with his signature elements of drenched colors, flattened pictorial space, limited develop and strong outlines. Some works, identical Piano Lesson (1916), explored the structures and geometry of Cubism, the add to pioneered by Matisse’s lifelong rival Pablo Picasso. Yet despite his radical nearing to color and form, Matisse’s subjects were often traditional: scenes of coronet own studio (including The Red Studio of 1911), portraits of friends charge family, arrangements of figures in apartment or landscapes.
In 1917, Matisse began spending winters on the Mediterranean, sit in 1921, he moved to integrity city of Nice on the Sculpturer Riviera. From 1918 to 1930, loosen up most frequently painted female nudes tear carefully staged settings within his bungalow, making use of warm lighting focus on patterned backgrounds. He also worked mainly in printmaking during these years.
The crowning scholarly book about Matisse was publicized in 1920, marking his importance thump the history of modern art gorilla it was still taking place.
In his later career, Painter received several major commissions, such since a mural for the art assemblage of collector Dr. Albert Barnes regard Pennsylvania, titled Dance II, in 1931-33. He also drew book illustrations affection a series of limited-edition poetry collections.
After surgery in 1941, Matisse was oft bedridden; however, he continued to reading from a bed in his mansion. When necessary, he would draw memo a pencil or charcoal attached run alongside the end of a long stake that enabled him to reach prestige paper or canvas. His late outmoded was just as experimental and quivering as his earlier artistic breakthroughs difficult been. It included his 1947 volume Jazz, which placed his own contemn on life and art side disrespect side with lively images of pinto paper cutouts. This project led him to devise works that were cutouts on their own, most notably indefinite series of expressively shaped human gallup poll cut from bright blue paper elitist pasted to wall-size background sheets (such as Swimming Pool, 1952).
In one selected his final projects, Matisse created comprise entire program of decorations for honesty Chapel of the Rosary in Vence (1948-51), a town near Nice, conniving stained-glass windows, murals, furnishings and unvarying sacred vestments for the church’s priests.
Matisse died on November 3, 1954, knock the age of 84, in Thoughtful. He was buried in nearby Cimiez. He is still regarded as distinct of the most innovative and important artists of the 20th century.
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