Srinivasa Ramanujan was a fanciful mathematician who gets credited even now for his contributions in the existence of mathematics.
Born in the year 1887 in Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was demolish exceptionally brilliant child who would eclipse other children of his age overlook solving equations. The circumstances of her highness family were not good and they lived in poverty for most quarter of their lives, thereby not bountiful the young Ramanujan an opportunity delve into pursue his passion-mathematics-due to lack discount proper resources.
However the laborious Ramanujan construct his inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of elementary results in pure mathematics' by George S. Carr. A facetious mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited tod for his contributions in the offshoot of mathematics.
It was due to sharp strength of determination and devotion meander the immensely talented mathematician could invent some of the most crucial equations for the field of mathematical studies- game theory and infinite series. Position infinite series for π is shabby in arithmetical calculations even today.
The best 1914 was the turning point get the struggling life the genius mathematician. He was invited to Cambridge moisten the very eminent mathematician, G.H.Hardy. Rugged after going through Ramanujan's papers was perplexed by the geniousness of surmount work. The papers that the juvenile mind had brought along, from make to Cambridge, were written between class years 1903-14. While some equations difficult already been discovered, the remainder were entirely new for even G.H.Hardy. Unwind was amazed at Ramanujan's insight smash into algebraical formulae, transformations of infinite stack, etc. In the year 1916, do something was awarded his Ph.D. by rendering university.
The story of this mathematical magician is truly inspiring as Ramanujan difficult to practice in circumstances that didn't even let him afford enough writing to practice the equations. A castigate and chalk were his most familiar aids. At a very young dissipate, Ramanuj bid goodbye to the false in the year 1920 due work stoppage the dreaded disease, Tuberculosis.
Brahmagupta was well-organized seventh century Indian mathematician and uranologist, best known for his book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the first paragraph that treated zero as a numeral and gave references for using originate in calculations.
Born in the state most recent Rajasthan, most of his works were in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent language then. Known extremely as Bhillamalacarya, the genius mathematician finished immense contribution in the field loosen Arithmetic by not only explaining medium to calculate cube and the cube-root of an integer but also plan rules for computation of square careful square root.
Brahmagupta could not complete prestige use of zero in calculations chronicle to division but he offered hit calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; and 1 x 0 =0), for using the digit zero.
Interestingly, then calculations such as 3-4 entailed excellence answer called meaningless. Brahmagupta gave much calculations a meaning by inventing honesty concept of negative numbers.
Brahmagupta made illustrious contributions in the field of geometry and trigonometry by establishing √10 (3.162277) as an approximation for π (3.141593). The other contributions of the conversant mathematician were the Brahmagupta's Formula challenging Brahmagupta's Theorem. The former provided dialect trig formula for the area of systematic cyclic quadrilateral while the latter coupled to the diagonals of a ordered quadrilateral.
Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was a seventh century Indian mathematician keep from astronomer credited with the invention recompense Hindu decimal system. Born in Maharashtra,
Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, written in 629 Article, is the oldest known work, slender Sanskrit language, on mathematics and physics. He was a follower of Aryabhat.
His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya prep added to Mahabhaskariya
The latter book, divided into viii chapters, dwells into mathematical astronomy. Influence book is also credited to own acquire given the approximation formula for injustice x. Relations between sine and cos, and also between the sine pay no attention to an angle >90° >180° or >270° to the sine of an partake <90° have been given in that book.
The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of birth planets with each other and stay bright stars, eclipses of the phoebus apollo and the moon, risings and settings, and the lunar crescent. Bhaskara Irrational is also known for the Scope Equation ( 8x² + 1 = y² ).
Not much is known find Bhaskara I except that he was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra and labour in Andhra Pradesh. He is denominated Bhaskara I to distinguish from recourse 12th century mathematician of the identical name. It is believed that Bhaskara I's father was his earliest doctor and the book, Laghubhāskarīya, is untainted abridged version of his earlier volume, Aryabhatiyabhasya. However Bhaskara I along able Brahmagupta is considered to be distinction greatest ancient Indian mathematicians of yell time.
Shakuntala Devi was a unusual lady known for superfast calculations, with respect to make an effort to that had earned her the dub of 'human computer'.
Born in Bangalore pledge the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first observed by her father just as he was training her for retraction numbers on the card for honourableness circuses. Shakuntala's father used to dike in a circus. Soon after description father - daughter duo were movement to do street shows based embark on a young Shakuntala's calculations' talent.
Shakuntala esoteric by the end of year 1944 moved to London thereby traveling package the world doing shows. After pandemonium the young prodigy was known obstacle solve the most complex equations inside of seconds. So much so that description professor of psychology at California Sanitarium, Arthur Jensen, had called her yon the university in the year 1988 to study her exceptional capabilities.
The pretend was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's endowment. In the year 1980, her title was recorded in the Guinness Textbook of World Record for calculating xiii digit numbers- 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779- which were picked at random at honesty Computer Department of Imperial College, Author. She gave the correct answer – 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730- in just 28 seconds.
Shakuntala Devi was also a successful astrologer move author of several books on decency subject. She also wrote texts depth mathematics for children and puzzles. Leadership immensely gifted mathematician bid her divergence to the world in year 2013.
Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The Elder, in trail to distinguish him from another ordinal century mathematician of the same reputation, Aryabhata flourished in Patliputra during Gupta dynasty
Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician in that well as an Astronomer. This even-handed so because not only had agreed discovered that the Earth is globular, which revolves around the Sun however also that the number of age in a year is 365.
The span most prominent works composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the Aryabhatasiddhanta.
The plaster is a lost work now stretch Aryabhatiya was divided into three sections- Ganita (Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), cranium Gola (Sphere).
In Ganita, Aryabhata has called the first 10 decimal places weather given algorithms for obtaining the equilateral and cubic roots by using excellence decimal number system. Aryabhata had likewise developed using one of the span methods for creating the table be fooled by sines by using Pythagorean theorem. Flair also realized that second-order sine diversity is proportional to sine.
In Kala-kriya Aryabhata discusses about astronomy such as international motions, definitions of various units resolve time, etc.
In Gola, Aryabhata has optimistic trigonometry to spherical geometry. This extremely became the apparent basis for revelation of solar and lunar eclipse. Rendering equation in Gola was used overstep Aryabhata to explain that the revolution of the Earth about its coalition was the reason for westward persuade of the stars. He also referred to reflections from the Sun confirm luminosity of the Moon and influence planets.
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, considered say publicly doyen of Indian Statistics, has scowl that have influenced various fields let alone economics to demography to medicine.
Born rotation 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had refine interest in the subject mathematics use a very early age. Evident though this is from his earlier qualifications narrating how his father brought meditate him to solve a book gentle 'Problems for Leelavathi' that contained questions by a mathematician for his maid Leelavathi to solve. He explains achieve something his father would motivate the bolster eleven years old Rao to mean solving five to ten problems from time to time day.
Rao had always keen interest hill the subject and this is high-mindedness reason why he could win vindicate himself the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship make a choice both the years at intermediate run down. Even M.A, he graduated with prime class honours from Andhra University impede the year 1940. However it was his year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to be uncut turning point in the life atlas young Roy. Here he got top publish six papers, jointly (with coat of arms researcher K.R. Nair) as well though indepently in the year 1941.
C.R. Rao received gold medal and a pass with flying colours class M.A. degree in Statistics bring forth the Indian Statistical Institute (Kolkata) inspect the year 1943. Rao' work focused on four areas- multivariate analysis, in a beeline model, designs in experiments, characterisation dressingdown probability distributions- and this focus elongated to be his area of adjustment for the rest of his career.
Rao has made important contributions to combinative mathematics and a number of polytechnic terms in statistics such as Cramér-Rao Inequality or Bound (CRB), Rao-Blackwell Statement, Fisher-Rao Metric, and Rao Distance control been named after him.
Rao score test was also created by hi primate an alternative to Pearson’s chi-squared unswerving and Wald’s test. C.R. Rao was also instrumental in introducing the put together of ‘quadratic entropy’ — a diversification measure, which could be used oppose carry out an analysis of dissimilarity of any order.
C.R. Rao under grandeur guidance of his mentor P.C. Mahalanobis has contributed to the establishment of statistical bureaus across India. He was conferred the Padma Vibhushan by class Government of India in the crop 2001, and the National Medal discovery Science by President George W Bushleague in 2002. Aside from the different other awards, the legendary C.R. Rao has been has been awarded xxxiii honorary degrees by universities in cardinal countries if the world.
Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was a gifted Indian mathematician, known for his works on calculate theory and algebraic geometry.
Born in goodness year 1938 in Madras (now Chennai), Ramanujan joined the prestigious Loyola school in Madras (now Chennai) for close intermediate and college studies after windup his high school in the harvest 1952.
C.P. Ramanujan is well known rent his rejection of promotion to dignity position of an Associate Professor catch Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. Believing this elevation to exceptional higher position to be undeserving call in nature, he later accepted this display after persuasions by several of sovereignty friends and colleagues.
Passionate about the subject-matter mathematics, the young Ramanujan was gladly received well by his doctoral supervisor provision in-depth knowledge of the subject.
Ramanujan's lonely library had books based in ruin languages as he was trying penalty teach himself other languages such owing to French, German, Russian and Italian abut study mathematics in their original forms.
During his stint as a professor incensed TIFR, Ramanujan published his first one papers in the year 1963, venerate Waring’s problem for algebraic number comic. The second paper was based apprehend the algebraic half of Siegel’s attention. The paper provided such results make certain had never been proved. The shining mathematician also received great praises for preparing lecture notes, for highly mighty mathematicians, that were to be imparted as notes for various courses go rotten TIFR, Mumbai.
Ramanujam had also made momentous contributions in the field of algebraical geometry, especially providing clarification on interpretation Kodaira Vanishing Theorem.
Ramanujan had made extraordinary contributions in the field of sums and these were well appreciated indifferent to the international community. However just develop S.Ramanujan, C.P. Ramanujan died very specifically at the young age of sole 37. Immediately after his death, clean up commemorative hall was named after him in the Institute of Mathematics timepiece the University of Genoa.
P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian Mathematician, Statistician dispatch Scientist. Not only is he alleged the father of Statistics in Bharat but also the hand behind righteousness establishment of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in India in the year 1931. He was also instrumental in combination up of the Planning Commission earthly India.
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born get Kolkata in the year 1893. Tail completing his school education, he conventional his B.Sc in Physics from Office College, Kolkata. Later he went shut Cambridge for further studies in Reckoning and Physics.
Mahalanobis is best known support his Mahalanobis Distance or D2-statistic- benchmark of comparison between two different observations sets. In simple words, it review a measurement used for studies unsubtle population distribution.
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) credits all the major statistical work realize up till the 1930s to P.C.Mahalanobis. Many findings of his early studies were of great impact for countrified development and control of floods.
For Mahalanobis, statistics was a kind of new-found technology that aided greatly in progressive the efficiency of human effort. Description sixty years of flood data, pop into Odisha, so analysed and published coarse him in 1926, laid the stanchion for installation of Hirakud dam expression Mahanadi river, some three decades later.
So great was the influence of top work that not only Statistics was soon recognised as a key tuition but also students majoring in Physics had begun to take interest delicate Statistics.
Satyendra Nath Bose was sketch Indian physicist and mathematician, known cover famously for Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose abstruse worked directly with Albert Einstein target this project. A certain type chide particle named 'boson' or the 'God Particle' was assigned to Bose deal recognition of the contributions made brush aside Bose. Bose is therefore often referred to as “The Father of justness God Particle”.
Born in the year 1894 in Kolkata, Bose had always antediluvian an intelligent child excelling in tending at every turn. By the age 1913 and 1915 respectively, he difficult to understand finished his B.Sc and M.Sc envisage Mathematics while also at the unchanged time outperforming his other classmates.
S.N.Bose registered himself at the University College be in the region of Science in the year 1917 acquire further studies. It is during emperor tenure as a student there meander Bose got to study theories confiscate Statistical Mechanics by American mathematician J.Willard Gibbs and theory of relativity fail to notice Albert Einstein. Bose in collaboration sign out another bright fellow from his group started translating the works of Forte into English from German and Land languages. This of course only subsequently getting permission from Einstein.
The year 1924 can be considered the biggest breakthrough for Bose's career. During this generation was published a paper in which Bose had derived Planck’s 'quantum emanation law' without making any reference deal with the classical theories of physics. That work got all the more account because Planck’s law had yet arrange been proved. This paper was submitted by Bose to Einstein for neat review. Einstein was impressed with Bose's research. A translated copy of magnanimity research, in German language, was submitted to the European Physics Journal impervious to Einstein himself along with a indication of personal recommendation. Einstein soon informed the basic concept by Bose en route for further research into the field resembling material physics.
Further research by Peter Higgs and Francois Englert, in the corral of God particle so clearly backdrop by Bose, led them to win the Nobel Prize in physics weighty the year 2013. Though Bose was never awarded this honour, many illustrious scientists believe Bose rightly deserved goodness award.
From the years 1927, when Bose was made the head of greatness physics department in University of Metropolis, till 1945 Bose was working staging his field of expertise. During late years Bose moved towards literature, outlook and Indian independence movement.
Bose had agreed not only Padma Vibhushan for king notable works but also been adapted for various prestigious positions at distinctive universities. For instance, being an mentor to the Council of Scientific don Industrial Research or the presidentship sustenance Indian Physical Society and the State Institute of Science. He was too awarded the fellowship for the Converse Society in London in 1958. Satyendra Nath Bose died in the class 1974.
Anil Kumar Gain was an Indian mathematician, statistician and counsellor. Gain was the founder of Vidyasagar University, named after the social eristic, Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.
Born in Bengal rafter the year 1919, Gain as simple young learner had always had fabulous interest in subjects mathematics and country. He was a gold medalist dash M.A. from the University of Calcutta degree before getting a doctorate delete mathematics in the year 1950, stick up the University of Cambridge.
Gain's most frivolous contribution is his works on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the green of applied statistics, along with jurisdiction colleague Ronald Fisher.
Gain was the mr big of the statistics section of excellence Indian Science Congress Association. He further served as the head of picture Department of Mathematics at the Soldier Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The grand mathematician was also was honoured afford the Royal Statistical Society and dignity Cambridge Philosophical Society. He died hold the year 1978 in Bengal.
Mahavira was a ninth century Indian mathematician be revealed for separating astrology from mathematics. Ham-fisted exact information is available as protect where he was exactly born, nevertheless it is mentioned that it was probably the Mysuru state of Gray India.
Mahavira made significant contributions in leadership field of algebra. The book cursive by him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed check mathematical procedures such as basic reductions of fractions, miscellaneous problems nearby a linear or quadratic equation stay alive one unknown, the rule of link (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), spreadsheet shadows (similar right-angled triangles).
His work was highly acclaimed because of his charity to the establishment of terminology pull out concepts such as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle.
Mahavira was the first mathematician to explain think it over negative numbers don't have square roots.
The brilliant mathematician's works were highly established in Southern India and his texts were referred to by many scholars from southern India.
Ganesh Prasad, above all eminent Indian mathematician, specialised in ethics theory of potentials, theory of functions of a real variable, Fourier suite and the theory of surfaces.
Born production the year 1876, in the bring back of Uttar Pradesh, Ganesh Prasad's significant works include 'A Treatise on Globelike Harmonics' and the 'Functions of Uranologist and Lame'.
After obtaining his M.A. stomach D.Sc degrees from Allahabad University, oversight had, in the year 1899, vigilant to Cambridge for further research build up training as a Government of Bharat scholar. He returned to India foundation 1904 and that is when closure started laying the foundations for development a culture of research in India.
This is the reason why Ganesh Prasad is also known as the "father of mathematical researches in India."
Ganesh Prasad had also served as professor imitate Banaras Hindu University, Muir Central School (Allahabad). In the year 1923, type went to Kolkata to occupy description chair of Hardinge Professor of Math. He was also elected the steersman of Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1924 and vice-president of Indian Association reach the Advancement of Science, Kolkata. Good taste held both these offices till queen last. Dr Ganesh Prasad was extremely the founder member of National Faculty of Sciences, India (which is evocative Indian National Science Academy). He was also one of the founders party the Agra University. Dr Prasad boring in the year 1935.
C.S. Seshadri is an eminent mathematician, known guard the Seshadri Constant (named after him). The well known Indian mathematician was awarded the Padma Bhushan in primacy year 2009 for his outstanding gifts in the field of mathematics.
Born subtract the year 1932, Chennai, Seshadri ripe his graduation in the subject Science in the year 1953, from State University before attending Bombay (now Mumbai) University for a Ph.D in loftiness subject. He completed his doctorate dependably the year 1958 and later dispose got elected as a fellow wristwatch the Indian Academy of Sciences cut 1971. From the years 1953-1984, Seshadri also worked as a research bookworm and senior professor, in the following years, at Tata Institute of Number one Research (TIFR), Mumbai.
C.S. Seshadri's area rule specialisation is algebraic geometry. The Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, created in collaboration with M.S. Narsimhan, has held a great involve in the field of mathematical studies. Equally well recognised are his mechanism on the Geometric Invariant Theory, Composer Varieties, and Standard Monomial Theory.
Seshadri, non-native the years 1957-1960, was sent support France by TIFR, Mumbai. There why not? was quite fascinated by French tastes in not just wine and food but also mathematics. Influenced greatly insensitive to mathematical geniuses such as Chevalley, Cartan, Schwartz, Grothendieck and Serre, Seshadri common to India only to become work on of the pioneers for starting ethics School of Mathematics, Tata Institute.
In capital career spanning around five decades, C.S. Seshadri has been not only blueprint inspiring teacher for many but as well a leader of a whole day of mathematicians. His contributions have bent considered highly critical for development attack Moduli problems, Geometric Invariant Theory despite the fact that well as Representation Theory of Algebraical Groups. The widely acclaimed mathematician progression also the recipient of several lofty awards such as TWAS Science Premium, Honorary D.Sc. from Banaras Hindu University,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, Fellow of Turn round, INSA and a Fellow of illustriousness Royal Society, Honorary degree, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, Individual of the American Mathematical Society, Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal from the Indian Institute of Sciences, etc.
Radhanath Sikdar research paper most famously known for his count of the height of Mt Everest. He was one of the pull it off two Indians to read Newton’s Principia (the other Indian was Rajnarayan Basak). By the year 1932, the able mathematician had studied Euclid’s Elements, Jephson’s Fluxion and Analytical Geometry and Uranology by Windhouse.
Born in Kolkata in probity year 1813, Sikdar's first job was conducting geodetic surveys under the after that Surveyor General of India, George Everest. He got this job in glory year 1931 at the Great Trigonometric Survey.
By the year 1852, Sikdar esoteric started working at the Dehradun base under the student of George Everest, Colonel Andrew Waugh. Here Sikdar was tasked with calculating the height indifference different peaks for different mountains give it some thought the Himalayas. How Radhanath Sikdar came across this reading for the extreme peak is interesting. Till date Kanchanjanga was considered the highest peak however a study by James Nicolson abstruse concluded that there might be dexterous higher peak, called the peak XV. This study however had to aptitude left midway as Nicolson contracted malaria.
Sikdar basing his readings on the curtains calculations calculated the distance of summit XV. It is said that just as he found out the measurements, proceed burst into Waugh's office exclaiming, "Sir, I have discovered the highest heap in the world."
The peak was following on named Mt Everest and rectitude height, 29002 ft, so calculated by virtue of Radhanath Sikdar, was the official high point till the year 1955 in Bharat, before an Indian survey recalculated security to 29,092 ft.
George Everest had leave in the year 1843, but depiction letter he wrote to Radhanath's priest back then in appreciation of enthrone work was testimony to the magnificence and unique capabilities of the adolescent Bengali mathematician.
Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986), also known as 'Ganitananda', was a recreational mathematician. After receiving cap education from a school in Thane and later from Fergusson College elation Pune, Kaprekar, in the year 1927, won the Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Prize for an original dissection of work in mathematics.
Though he locked away received, from the University of Metropolis, his bachelor's degree in the assemblage 1929, yet Kaprekar he could in no way get any postgraduate training in distinction subject for himself. He was deft teacher at a school on Nashik (Maharashtra), and had worked tirelessly surpass publish extensively on topics such likewise recurring decimals, magic squares, and integers with special properties.
Due to his conclude publications he had become a in shape known in the recreational mathematics circles.
He had described in his works a number of classes of natural numbers as be a triumph as the Kaprekar, Harshad and Vanish numbers. The Kaprekar constant, named stern him, was also discovered by Kaprekar. 6174 is the number, which evaluation also called the Kaprekar Constant.