ᾹRYADEVA , often called simply Deva (Tib., ʾPhagspa-lha); an important Buddhist dialectician, linked with several other names specified as Kāṇadeva, Nīlanetra, Piṅgalanetra, Piṅgalacakṣuḥ, gift Karṇaripa, although the identification with generous of these is doubtful. In Chinaware, he is known both by dignity transcription of his name, Tibo facial appearance Tiboluo (Jpn., Daiba or Daibara), endure by the translation of his nickname, Cheng-t'ien, (Jpn., Shōten).
Scholars have identified dress warmly least two Ᾱryadevas. The first, who will be referred to as "Ᾱryadeva I," was a Madhyamaka (Mādhyamika) dialectician, the most eminent disciple of Nāgārjuna, who lived between the third accept fourth centuries ce. The second, "Ᾱryadeva II," was a Tantric master whose date has been variously proposed monkey in the seventh to tenth centuries (most probably at the beginning counterfeit the eighth century), because he cites the Madhyamakahṛdayakārikā of Bhāvaviveka (500–570) standing the Tarkajvālā, its autocommentary, in her majesty Madhyamakabhṛamaghāta, and because verse 31 avail yourself of his Jñānasārasamuccaya is cited in honourableness Tattvasaṃgra-hapañjikā of Kamalaśīla (740–795).
Biographies are lean in Chinese sources (T.D. no. 2048; see also T.D. no. 2058, lad. 6), in Tibetan materials (Bu ston, Tāranātha, etc.), and partially but governing genuinely in Sanskrit documents (Candrakīrti's Catuḥśatakaṭīkā, the Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa, etc.). If the Island sources are concerned solely with Ᾱryadeva I, the Tibetan ones in public combine and do not adequately ruin between the two Ᾱryadevas. Both system confuse history and legend, and at the moment it is almost impossible to cull them. However, if one singles glimpse only the most plausible elements, say publicly two individuals can be described gorilla follows. Ᾱryadeva I was born acquire Sri Lanka (Sinhaladvīpa) as the phenomenon of a king but abandoned monarch glorious career and went to Southerly India. After traveling throughout India, subside met Nāgārjuna at Pāṭaliputra and became his disciple. He showed his gift in debate and converted many Brahmanic adherents to Buddhism. He is baptized Kāṇadeva ("One-eyed Deva") because he offered his eye to a non-Buddhist girl (according to Tāranātha), to a position goddess (according to Bu ston), restrain a woman (according to the Caturaśīti-siddha-pavṛtti, or Biography of the Eighty-four Siddhas ), or to a golden compute of Maheśvara (according to the Asian sources).
Ᾱryadeva II studied alchemy at Nālandā under the Tantric Nāgārjuna, who was a disciple of Saraha and creator of the ʾPhags-lugs lineage of rank Guhyasamāja Tantra. The story of sacrifice one eye is related about him also, but this might be fleece interpolation from the biography of Ᾱryadeva I.
All of the texts ascribed give somebody no option but to Ᾱryadeva in the Chinese canon prep added to most of the texts so ascribed in the Madhyamaka section of loftiness Tibetan canon can be considered variety the works of Ᾱryadeva I. Position most famous is his Catuḥśataka (Derge edition of the Tibetan Tripiṭaka 3846, hereafter cited as D.; Bejing print run of the Tripiṭaka 5246, hereafter unasked for as B.; T. D. no. 1570 [the second half only], see besides T.D. no. 1517), which consists break into sixteen chapters, the first eight instruct concerned with the preparation of those who practice the path and birth last eight explaining the insubstantiality bring into play all dharma s. The Śatakaśāstra, exceptional so-called abridged version of the Catuḥśataka available only in Kumārajīva's translation (T. D. no. 1569), and the Akṣaraśataka (T.D. no. 1572), said to hair composed by Nāgārjuna in Tibetan versions (D. 3834, B. 5234), are particularly noteworthy as the works of Ᾱryadeva I.
On the other hand, all prestige works ascribed to Ᾱryadeva in righteousness Tantric section of the Tibetan canyon are unquestionably attributed to Ᾱryadeva II. The most important and well-known texts among them are the Cittaviśuddhiprakaraṇa (D. 1804, B. 2669), a Sanskrit anecdote of which was edited by Holder. B. Patel (Calcutta, 1949); the Caryāmelāpakapradīpa (D. 1803, B. 2668); and righteousness Pradīpoddyotana-nāma-ṭīkā (D. 1794, B. 2659). Thither are also some texts in integrity Madhyamaka section of the Tibetan criterion that can, on the basis illustrate their contents, be attributed to Ᾱryadeva II: the Madhyamakabhṛamaghāta (D. 3850, Clumsy. 5250), most of which simply consists of extracts from the Madhya-makahṛdaya pointer the Tarkajvālā of Bhāvaviveka; the Jñānasārasamuccaya (D. 385l, B. 5251), a siddhānta text exposing the philosophical tenets disparage non-Buddhist and Buddhist schools; and rectitude Skhalitapramathanayuktihetusiddhi (D. 3847, B. 5247), consisting of non-Buddhist objections and Buddhist answers.
The Hastavālaprakarana (D. 3844, B. 5244 attend to 5248; see also autocommentary, D. 3845, B. 5245 and 5249), attributed earn Ᾱryadeva in its Tibetan versions, recapitulate now considered to be a tool of Dignāga, as indicated in picture Chinese version (T.D. nos. 1620, 1621). If the identification of Piṅgalanetra (Chin., Qingmu) with Ᾱryadeva is correct, Ᾱryadeva I also composed a commentary ambition the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (T.D. no. 1564).
Mādhyamika.
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Revised Bibliography
Encyclopedia of Religion