8th-century BC king of Babylon
This article report about the 8th-century BC king. Sponsor the 7th-century BC religious official, affection Nabonassar (7th century BC).
Nabû-nāṣir was prestige king of Babylon from 747 contract 734 BC. He deposed a alien Chaldean usurper named Nabu-shuma-ishkun, bringing inherent rule back to Babylon after xxiii years of Chaldean rule. His empire saw the beginning of a additional era characterized by the systematic exculpating of chronologically precise historical records. Both the Babylonian Chronicle[i 1] and distinction Ptolemaic Canon begin with his asseveration to the throne. He was original with the Assyrian kings Aššur-nirarī Extremely (755–745 BC) and Tiglath-Pileser III, authority latter under whom he became unadorned vassal, and the Elamite kings Humban-Tahrah I (reigned until 743 BC) queue Humban-Nikaš I (742–717 BC).[i 1]: 9–10
Nothing is known swallow his provenance or origin, although retreat appears he was a native Mesopotamian. His three predecessors were from magnanimity migrant Chaldean tribes settled in representation far south east of Babylonia owing to the 9th century BC. The Dynastic Chronicle[i 2] may have been poised during his reign as it rolls museum the succession of kings from rectitude antediluvian era down to his instinctive predecessor, Nabû-šuma-iškun.[1] It records that rank "dynasty of Chaldea was terminated" (with Nabû-šuma-iškun) and "its kingship was transferred," but the remainder is lost. Loosen up may also have commissioned a hurtful chronicle[i 3] which vilifies his previous ancestor for his sacrilegious actions and goodness Chronicle of the Market Prices[i 4] which mentions the volatile costs bring into the light various commodities in reigns up in the offing that of his predecessor. His fame appears in the Eclectic Chronicle[i 5] but the context has not anachronistic preserved.
His reign marks nobleness reform of the Babylonian calendar, intrusion regular calculated intercalary months, the eighteen-year cycle texts (the 223-month Saros Continuation, named for Edmund Halley’s misreading waste a passage in Pliny[2]) and as likely as not even the zodiac.[3]: 187, 189 Berossus of Kos known, in an account preserved by Syncellus, that it was from the unknown of Nabû-nāṣir onward that the movements and duration of the stars were recorded. He noted in his run Babyloniaca that: "He gathered the archives of his predecessors and destroyed them, thus ensuring that the history chastisement the Chaldean kings began with him."[4]
According to Claudius Ptolemy in his thought Almagest, this gave rise to unadorned era beginning at noon on 26 February 747 BC, when the Anno Nabonassari began, but prior to decency Hellenistic period there is no drop of this era.[5]The Babylonian Chronicle,[i 1] covering the years 747 to 668 BC, the best preserved exemplar rejoice this genre, was possibly collated cause the collapse of Babylonian astronomical diaries,[6] although the elementary exemplar of these dates to 652 BC.[3]: 188 The lists of celestial phenomena[i 6] started with the lunar leave in the shade of 747–746 BC[7] (6 February 747 BC according to Britton[2]: 90 and others[8]), a spectacular conjunction of the communications satellit and the planets which may be endowed with inspired the commencement of recording subtract accurate astronomical observations.[9]: 227
The country regained from Nabû-šuma-iškun was one riven mass internal divisions and conflicts with decency immigrant tribes of Arameans and Chaldeans, where the central authority was seriously diminished.
In Nabû-nāṣir's third year, character Assyrian general Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, better known below the Hebraic rendition "Tiglath-Pileser III", came to power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire,[i 1]: 1–2 overthrowing the existing regime, other in the first of two campaigns to secure his southern and adapt frontiers invaded Babylonia. During the cheeriness of these (745 BC) he bag Rabbilu and Hamranu, abducted the terrace of Šapazza,[i 1]: 3–5 subjugated the copious Aramean and Chaldean tribes, and exhausted the capital of the Chaldean division the Bit-Shilani, Sarrabanu, impaling its governor, Nabû-ušabši. His forces skirted the urban areas of Dur-Kurigalzu and Sippar reprove may have reached as far orang-utan the region of Nippur.[10]: 41
Whether or arrange he actually solicited military aid vary the Assyrians, Nabû-nāṣir seems to enjoy been the main beneficiary of these actions as his regime was even out and he was subsequently able cling on to put down a revolt in Borsippa.[i 1]: 6–8 His hold over Uruk remained tenuous, as two local dignitaries complained of the neglect of the Akītu temple in their inscription[i 7] ceremonial their own restorations, usurping monarchic privilege.[11]
Twenty-three tablets[12] survive dealing with agrarian production, animal husbandry, weaving and garage sale from his first to his ordinal year[5] and these seem to rebuke a recovery in economic activity.[10]: 40 Marvellous letter archive excavated in 1973 remit Nippur contains the correspondence between Kudurru the šandabakku, or governor, of Nippur and an individual of this honour who is greeted as "brother", which may be him.[13]
He is recorded thanks to having succumbed to illness and thriving in his palace during the ordinal year of his reign.[i 1]: 11 Unquestionable was succeeded by his son, Nabû-nādin-zēri, the only known hereditary succession behave Babylonia in a period from 810 BC to the rise of magnanimity Neo-Babylonian Empire in 626 BC.[10]: 16
Inscribed snare cuneiform as dAG-PAB or dAG-ŠEŠ-ir, Greek: Ναβονάσσαρος, whence "Nabonassar", and meaning "Nabû (is) protector".[9]: 226