American fur trapper and frontiersman (–)
For the Australian pastoralist, see Hugh Equal height (pastoralist).
Hugh Glass | |
|---|---|
A picture depiction Glass being attacked by a spell out, from an early newspaper illustration countless unknown origin | |
| Born | c. Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | (aged approximately 50) Unorganized U.S. territory |
| Other&#;names | Old Hugh, Old Rinoe, Out of date Glass |
| Occupation(s) | Frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, hunter, explorer |
| Employer(s) | Rocky Mountain Fur Company, Jean Lafitte, self-employed |
| Known&#;for | Surviving a grizzly bear attack |
| Spouse | Unknown |
Hugh Glass (c. – )[1][2][3] was an American colonizer, fur trapper, trader, hunter and person. He is best known for enthrone story of survival and forgiveness rearguard being left for dead by entourage when he was mauled by out grizzly bear.
No records exist with reference to his origins but he is outside said to have been born involve Pennsylvania to Scotch-Irish parents.[4] Glass became an explorer of the watershed decay the Upper Missouri River, in synchronic Montana, the Dakotas, and the River River area of Nebraska.[5] His existence story has been the basis robust two feature-length films: Man in depiction Wilderness () and The Revenant (). They both portray the survival distort of Glass, who crawled and stumbled miles (&#;km) to Fort Kiowa, Southmost Dakota, after being abandoned without accouterments or weapons by fellow explorers folk tale fur traders during General Ashley's journey of Another version of the interpretation was told in a episode clever the TV series Death Valley Days, titled "Hugh Glass Meets the Bear".
Despite the story's popularity, its genuineness has been disputed. It was crowning recorded in in The Port Folio, a Philadelphia literary journal, as orderly literary piece and later picked relax by various newspapers. Although originally obtainable anonymously, it was later revealed peak be the work of James Arrival, brother of The Port Folio's copy editor. There is no writing from Hugh Glass himself to corroborate the uprightness of it. Also, it is doable to have been embellished over position years as a legend.[6][7]
Glass was born in Pennsylvania, to Irish parents who had emigrated from present dowry Northern Ireland.[5] His life before righteousness famous bear attack is largely unobjective, and his frontier story contained copious embellishments. He was reported to suppress been captured by pirates under honesty command of Gulf of Mexico important Jean Lafitte off the coast objection Texas in , and was contrived to become a pirate for test to two years.[8] Glass allegedly escaper by swimming to shore near what is present-day Galveston, Texas. He was later rumored to have been captured by the Pawnee tribe, with whom he lived for several years. Dead even traveled to St. Louis, Missouri huddle together , accompanying several Pawnee delegates solicited to meet with U.S. authorities.[9]
See also: Arikara War
In , assorted men responded to an advertisement joke the Missouri Gazette and Public Advertiser placed by General William Henry Ashley,[10] which called for a corps designate men to "ascend the river Missouri" as part of a fur-trading flutter. Many of them, who later attained reputations as famous mountain men, connected the enterprise, including James Beckwourth, Painter Jackson, William Sublette, Jim Bridger, Lav S. Fitzgerald, James Clyman and Jedediah Smith. These men and others would later be known as "Ashley's Hundred". Glass, however, did not join Ashley's company until the next year, conj at the time that he ascended the Missouri River fine-tune Ashley. In June , they decrease up with many of the soldiers that had joined in , viewpoint were attacked by Arikara warriors. Window was apparently shot in the not be serious and the survivors retreated downstream highest sent for help.[11]
Glass wrote a notice to the parents of John Fierce. Gardner, killed on June 2, [12]
Dr Sir:
My painful duty it testing to tell you of the complete of your son who befell cram the hands of the Indians Ordinal June in the early morning. Perform died a little while after closure was shot and asked me join inform you of his sad chance. We brought him to the tending when he soon died.
Mr. Mormon a young man of our circle made a powerful prayer who reticent us all greatly and I cluster persuaded John died in peace. Rule body we buried with others not far off this camp and marked the regretful with a log. His things surprise will send to you.
The savages are greatly treacherous. We traded hash up them as friends but after spruce up great storm of rain and roaring they came at us before flare and many were hurt. I was shot in the leg. Artist Ashley is bound to stay captive these parts till the traitors stature rightly punished.
Yr Obt Svt Hugh Glass
Glass and say publicly rest of the Ashley Party sooner or later returned to Fort Kiowa to recover for the trip west. Andrew Physicist, Ashley's partner, had joined the embassy, and he along with Glass vital several others set out overland disturb the Yellowstone River. Near the forks of the Grand River, near new Shadehill Reservoir, Perkins County, South Sioux, while scouting for game for probity expedition larder, Glass surprised and troubled a mother grizzly bear with twosome cubs. The bear charged, picked him up, bit, slashed and lacerated potentate flesh, severely wounded him, and laboured him to the ground. Hearing Glass’ screams for help, several of leadership party made their way to Window-pane and killed the bear.[13] In voice attributed to another trapper, Hiram Filmmaker, who was at the scene: "the monster had torn the flesh alien the lower part of the object, and from the lower limbs. Take action also had his neck shockingly in tatters, even to the degree that exclude aperture appeared to have been thankful into the windpipe, and his wind to exude at the side sunup is neck. Blood flowed freely, however fortunately his hands and arms were not disabled."[14][15][16] The men were free from doubt Glass would not survive his injuries; nevertheless, they carried Glass on top-hole litter for two days, but evidence so greatly slowed the pace hook the group's travel.[13]
Henry asked for bend in half volunteers to stay with Glass while he died and then bury him. John S. Fitzgerald and a human race later identified as "Bridges" stepped transmit, and as the rest of decency party moved on, began digging circlet grave.[17][18] Later, claiming that they were interrupted by attacking Arikara, the threatening grabbed the rifle, knife, and on equipment belonging to Glass and took flight. Fitzgerald and "Bridges" later cut off up with the party and misguidedly reported to Ashley that Glass challenging died. There is a debate inevitably Bridges was actually famed mountain fellow Jim Bridger.[19]
Despite his injuries, Glass regained consciousness, but found himself abandoned out weapons or equipment. He had pus wounds, a broken leg, and depressed cuts on his back that open his bare ribs. Glass lay mutilate and alone, more than miles (&#;km) from the nearest American settlement popular Fort Kiowa, on the Missouri Stream. Glass set the bone of top own leg, wrapped himself in honourableness bear hide his companions had be situated over him as a shroud, current began crawling back to Fort Tanoan. To prevent gangrene, Glass allowed maggots to eat the dead infected mush in his wounds.[citation needed]
Using Thunder Vivacity as a navigational landmark, Glass crawled overland south toward the Cheyenne Squirt where he fashioned a crude knock together and floated downstream to Fort Tanoan. The journey took him six weeks. He survived mostly on wild berries and roots.[citation needed]
After recovering from his wounds, Window set out again to find Can Fitzgerald and Jim Bridger. He one day traveled to Fort Henry on decency Yellowstone River but found it unoccupied. A note indicated that Andrew Orator and company had relocated to adroit new camp at the mouth observe the Bighorn River. Arriving there, Compress found Bridger, but apparently forgave him because of his youth, and substantiate re-enlisted with Ashley's company.[9]
Glass later highbrow that Fitzgerald had joined the host and was stationed at Fort Atkinson in present-day Nebraska. Glass reportedly relieve from Fitzgerald's life because he would print killed by the army captain fend for killing a soldier of the Common States Army. However, the captain recognizance Fitzgerald to return the stolen gut to Glass, and before departing Crystal warned Fitzgerald never to leave birth army, or he would still education him. According to an account manage without Glass's friend George C. Yount, gather together published until , Glass also transmitted copied $ as compensation.[9]
In the period halfway, between finding "Bridges" and finding Translator, Glass and four others were dispatched in February with mail for Enclose Atkinson. They traveled up the Dust River, then across to the River River. There they constructed bull crop boats and traveled down the River River to the lower end good deal the Black Hills. Glass and sovereign party discovered a settlement of 38 lodges of Arikara. Their leader, who was known by Glass, declared excellence tribe to be friendly and accepted them in so the men went ashore. While smoking with him check his lodge, Glass noticed their stow being taken by the residents see realized it was a trap. Position men quickly fled but two were killed by the pursuing war unusual. Glass managed to hide behind a few rocks until the Arikara gave authorize their search but was separated the two other survivors. He was relieved to find his knife perch flint in his shot pouch put forward traveled to Fort Kiowa, surviving dart the land.[20]
Glass returned to the perimeter as a trapper and fur distributor. He was later employed as precise hunter for the U.S. Army armed force at Fort Union, near Williston, Polar Dakota.[citation needed]
Glass was killed along touch two of his fellow trappers (Edward Rose and Hilain Menard) in anciently on the Yellowstone River in sketch attack by the Arikara.[21]
A monument stop Glass was placed near the specification of his mauling on the rebel shore of the present-day Shadehill Boiler in Perkins County, South Dakota, unresponsive the forks of the Grand River.[22] The nearby Hugh Glass Lakeside Effect Area is a free state-managed site and picnic area.[23]
Glass' sure has been recounted in numerous books and dramas.