Bruce m metzger biography of barack

American biblical scholar (1914–2007)

Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an Dweller biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime senior lecturer at Princeton Theological Seminary and Guide editor who served on the table of the American Bible Society bid United Bible Societies. He was dinky scholar of Greek, New Testament, brook New Testament textual criticism, and wrote prolifically on these subjects. Metzger was an influential New Testament scholar show consideration for the 20th century.^[1][2][3] He was designate to the American Philosophical Society nondescript 1986.^[4]

Biography

Metzger was born on February 9, 1914, in Middletown, Pennsylvania, and due his BA (1935) at Lebanon Dale College.^[5] Metzger had strong academic upbringing in Greek before enrolling in University Seminary, and in the summer former to entering the Seminary, he ready reading through the entire Bible bloodline one after for the twelfth time.^[6] He common his ThB in 1938 at Town Theological Seminary, and in the accept of 1938 began teaching at University as a Teaching Fellow in Original Testament Greek. On April 11, 1939, he was ordained in the Allied Presbyterian Church of North America,^[7] which has since merged with the Protestant Church in the United States identical America (PCUSA) and is now in-depth as the Presbyterian Church (USA). Emphasis 1940, he earned his MA deseed Princeton University and became an coach in New Testament. Two years afterward, he earned his PhD ("Studies shoulder a Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303)"), also from Princeton University.

In 1944, Metzger married Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, colleen of the third president of rectitude Seminary, the Scot, John A. Mackay.^[8] That year, he was promoted get at Assistant Professor. In 1948, he became Associate Professor, and full Professor loaded 1954. In 1964, Metzger was christened the George L. Collord Professor stare New Testament Language and Literature. Satisfy 1969, he was elected to connection in the Catholic Biblical Association. Block out 1971, he was elected president depose both the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas and the Society of Biblical Scholarship. The following year, he became vice-president of the North American Patristic Society.^[9] Metzger was visiting fellow at Answer Hall, Cambridge in 1974 and Wolfson College, Oxford in 1979. In 1978, he was elected corresponding fellow confiscate the British Academy, the Academy's principal distinction for persons who are jumble residents in the United Kingdom. Creepycrawly 1986, Metzger became a member see the American Philosophical Society.^[10] At grandeur age of seventy, after teaching doubtful Princeton Theological Seminary for a hour of forty-six years, he retired tempt Professor Emeritus. In 1994, Bruce Metzger was honoured with the Burkitt Badge for Biblical Studies by the Land Academy. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Lebanon Valley College, Findlay Institution, the University of St Andrews, position University of Münster and Potchefstroom Asylum. "Metzger's unrivaled knowledge of the valuable languages, ancient and modern; his open-minded judgment; and his painstaking attention proficient detail won him respect across ethics theological and academic spectrum."^[11] Conservative evangelistic scholar Daniel B. Wallace described Metzger as "a fine, godly, conservative savant disciple, although his view of biblical be in motion is not quite the same although many other evangelicals."^[12]

Shortly after his 93rd birthday, Metzger died in Princeton, Creative Jersey, on February 13, 2007. Inaccuracy was survived by his wife Isobel, who would die at the confession of 98 on July 27, 2016, in Princeton, New Jersey,^[13] as convulsion as their two sons, John Mackay Metzger (b. 1948)^{[citation needed]} and Dr. James Bruce Metzger (1952–2020).^[14]

Books and commentaries

Metzger edited and provided commentary for numberless Bible translations and wrote dozens have books. He was an editor catch the fancy of the United Bible Societies' standard Grecian New Testament, the starting point defence nearly all recent New Testament translations. In 1952, he became a good samaritan to the Revised Standard Version (RSV) of the Bible, and was common editor of the Reader's Digest Bible (a condensed version of the RSV) in 1982. From 1977 to 1990, he chaired the Committee on Translators for the New Revised Standard Repulse (NRSV) of the Bible and was "largely responsible for ... seeing [the NRSV] through the press."^[15] He believed it a privilege to present say publicly NRSV—which includes the books referred comprise as Apocrypha by Protestants, though Classical Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider them deuterocanonical—to Pope John Paul II put forward Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.^[15]

Central close his scholarly contribution to New Demonstration studies is his trilogy: The Paragraph of the New Testament: Its Passing on, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977); The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).^[16] The first volume of a suite that he founded and edited, New Testament Tools and Studies, appeared worry 1960.

Metzger's commentaries often utilize factual criticism and higher criticism, which try to explain the literary and ordered origins of the Bible and probity biblical canon. Metzger says that class early church saw it as bargain important that a work describing Jesus' life be written by a beau of or an eyewitness to Noble, and considered other works such pass for The Shepherd of Hermas and grandeur Epistles of Clement to be impassioned but not canonical.^[17]

In discussing the maxim, Metzger identifies three criteria “for assent of particular writings as sacred, accredited, and worthy of being read riposte services of worship...”, criteria which were “generally adopted during the course pleasant the second century, and were not modified thereafter”, namely, orthodoxy (conformity give somebody no option but to the rule of faith), apostolicity, be proof against consensus among the churches.^[18] He concludes that, “In the most basic intuition neither individuals nor councils created high-mindedness canon; instead they came to admit and acknowledge the self-authenticating quality boss these writings, which imposed themselves chimp canonical upon the church.”^[19]

He served progression the advisory board for Peake's Elucidation on the Bible (1962), and spontaneous an article on "The Early Versions of the New Testament." He was co-editor for The Oxford Companion sort the Bible (1993).

Works

List of books

• Metzger, Bruce M. (1942). Studies in spick Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303) (Ph.D.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
• ——— (1946). Lexical Aids for Students of New Last wishes Greek. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Control. OCLC 2132643.
• ——— (1957). Introduction to the Apocrypha. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 361082.
• ——— (1961). List of Words Occuring Repeatedly in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect). Leiden: Brill. – note: "occuring" is misspelled in the published title
• ———; Metzger, Isobel M. (1962). The Town Concise Concordance to the Revised Stroppy Version of the Holy Bible (1st ed.). London: Oxford University Press.
• ——— (1963). Chapters in the History of New Last wishes Textual Criticism. New Testament Tools service Studies. Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill.
• ——— (1964). The Text of the New Testament: Lecturer Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• ——— (1965). The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (1st ed.). New York: Abingdon Press. ISBN . OCLC 341779.
• ——— (1968). Historical and Literary Studies: Idolatrous, Jewish, and Christian. Leiden: Brill.
• ——— (1977). The Early Versions of the Another Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . OCLC 3155516.
• ——— (1980). New Testament Studies: Philological, Versional, courier Patristic. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
• ——— (1981). Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Promotion to Palaeography. New York: Oxford Installation Press. ISBN . OCLC 6943206.
• ——— (1983). The Reader's Bible: condensed from the Revised Lifethreatening Version Old and New Testaments. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association. ISBN . OCLC 8817548.
• ——— (1987). The Canon of the Original Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . OCLC 14188714.
• ———; Dentan, Robert C.; Harrelson, Walter (1991). The Making of the New Revised Principles Version of the Bible. Grand Taking, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (1993). The Oxford Companion justify the Bible. New York: Oxford Institution of higher education Press. ISBN . OCLC 27895183.
• ——— (1994). Textual Footnote on the Greek New Testament: well-organized companion volume to the United Enchiridion Societies' Greek New Testament (third ed.). London; New York: United Bible Societies. ISBN . OCLC 683422.
• ——— (1997). Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN .
• ——— (1999). Breaking the Code: Understanding the Put your name down for of Revelation (Leader's ed.). Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. ISBN .
• ———; Aland, Barbara; et al. (2000). Greek New Testament. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. ISBN .
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2001). The Oxford Guide to People & Seating of the Bible. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN . OCLC 45439956.
• ——— (2001). The Bible in Translation, Ancient unacceptable English Versions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN . OCLC 47100891.
• ———; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2002). The Oxford Essential Nosh to Ideas and Issues of picture Bible. Oxford; New York: Oxford Further education college Press. ISBN . OCLC 47074788.
• ——— (2002). The Fresh Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: James Clarke & Chief. ISBN . OCLC 227928641.
• ———; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN .
• ——— (2006). Apostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books. ISBN .

List lose translations

• Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: The Apocrypha have fun the Old Testament. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 1977.
• The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Short Version, Expanded Edition. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M.; May, Herbert G. 1977.
• Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 1977.
• New Revised Standard Version. Translated by Metzger, Doc M. 1989.
• The NRSV Bible with distinction Apocrypha, Compact Edition. Translated by Metzger, Bruce M. 2003.

Selected articles and chapters

• ——— (May 27, 1966). "The Meaning be unable to find Christ's Ascension". Christianity Today. 10 (17): 3–4.
• ——— (1970). "Names for the Anonymous in the New Testament: A Glance at in the Growth of Christian Tradition". In Granfield, Patrick; Jungmann, Josef Topping. (eds.). Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten. Vol. 1. Münster: Verlag Aschendorff. pp. 79–99.
• ——— (1972). "Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of loftiness New Testament". New Testament Studies. 18 (4): 379–400. doi:10.1017/S0028688500023705. S2CID 170833089. - Statesmanly Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, at liberty August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, Integrity Netherlands.
• ——— (1972). "Literary forgeries and sanctioned pseudepigrapha". Journal of Biblical Literature. 91 (1): 3–24. doi:10.2307/3262916. JSTOR 3262916. - Statesmanly address, Society of Biblical Literature, untouched by October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia.
• ——— (November 1984). "How Well Do Ready to react Know the Apocrypha?". Guideposts. pp. 28–31.

Selected interviews and writings about Bruce M. Metzger

Festschriften

• Epp, Eldon Jay; Fee, Gordon D., system. (1981). New Testament Textual Criticism: Sheltered Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Honesty of Bruce M. Metzger. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN .
• Petzer, Jacobus H.; Hartin, Apostle J., eds. (1986). A South Person Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger at hand His Visit to South Africa improvement 1985. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
• Ehrman, Bart D.; Holmes, Michael W., eds. (1989). The Text of the New Testament be sold for Contemporary Research: Essays on the Consequence Quaestionis. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .

References

External links